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Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the relationships between trigonometric functions of the sides and angles of the spherical polygons (especially spherical triangles) defined by a number of intersecting great circles on the sphere. Spherical trigonometry is of great importance for calculations in astronomy, geodesy and navigation. The origins of spherical trigonometry in Greek mathematics and the major developments in Islamic mathematics are discussed fully in History of trigonometry and Mathematics in medieval Islam. The subject came to fruition in Early Modern times with important developments by John Napier, Delambre and others, and attained an essentially complete form by the end of the nineteenth century with the publication of Todhunter's text book ''Spherical trigonometry for the use of colleges and Schools''. This book is now readily available on the web.〔 This fifth edition is the cleanest available free version on the web The Gutenberg sources also include a latex version of the text. The latest (posthumous) and most complete version was published in 1911, co-authored with J. G. Leathem. The third edition has been issued by Amazon in paperback and Kindle versions (). The text has been typeset but the formulae and diagrams have been pasted in as somewhat unsatisfactory images. 〕 The only significant developments since then have been the application of vector methods for the derivation of the theorems and the use of computers to carry through lengthy calculations. ==Preliminaries== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spherical trigonometry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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